Coachlight Bible Study – Exodus Lesson 19
The Hebrew Servant – Exodus 19:1-23:33
Hebrews 10:1 For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect.
Hebrews 10:9 Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.
Hebrews 10:10 By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
While God’s Law is holy (Romans 7:12), no one except Christ has ever been able to keep the Law. But then Christ, Himself, has redeemed us from the curse of the Law.
Galatians 3:10 ….Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.
Galatians 3:11 But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, it is evident: for, The just shall live by faith.
Galatians 3:12 And the law is not of faith: but, The man that doeth them shall live in them.
The fact that any attempt to gain salvation by obeying the Law is doomed to failure is taught throughout the Bible. We find many today, who being asked the question: “Are you a Christian?”, respond with something like: “I am basically a good person and try to live a good life”. This type of mindset is so futile that the Apostle Paul teaches us this fact no less than three times in one verse:
Galatians 2:16 Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified.
The Apostle John teaches us that it is only when we agree with our innermost affections or heart with the Word of God that we are sinners, it is then that the blood of Christ cleanses us from all unrighteousness.
The Law was necessary, however, in that it was our “schoolmaster”, who in the Roman culture, took care of children, and when the child reached school age, the schoolmaster lead the child to the schoolhouse to be instructed by teachers:
Galatians 3:24 Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.
Galatians 3:25 But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster.
Because the schoolmaster (The Law) has lead us to faith in Christ, we are aware of the Hebrew Servant, who left His Father’s house and took on our humanity to do the will of the Father.
Galatians 3:13 Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree:
The Psalmist prophesied about this Hebrew Servant and how He will have God’s Law hid in His heart:
Psalms 40:6 Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required.
Psalms 40:7 Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me,
Psalms 40:8 I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart.
The New Covenant found in Jeremiah 31, which is actually an extension of the covenant central to all Scripture, assures us that we can have God’s Law hid in our hearts, and the life that we now live in Christ, is but a shadow of what is to come in the Kingdom. This hiding of the Law in our hearts is called “walking in the Spirit”, and is actually a mindset on the things of the Spirit and not a mindset on the things of the flesh.
Jeremiah 31:31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
Jeremiah 31:32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD:
Jeremiah 31:33 … I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people…
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Eternal Covenants of God with Israel and The Gentiles |
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Abrahamic Covenant |
Expansion Covenants |
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Promise of A National Land – (Land) Genesis 12:1; 13:14-15 & 17 |
Palestinian Covenant – gave Israel assurance of final, permanent restoration to the land forever Deuteronomy 30:3-5; Ezekiel 20:33-37, 42-44 |
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Promise of Redemption – All Nations Blessed – (Blessing) - Genesis 12:3; 22:18 & 3:16 |
New Covenant – Israel’s Eternal Redemption Jeremiah 31:31-40; Hebrews 8:6-13 |
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Promise of Numerous Descendants – A Great Nation - (Seed) Genesis 12:3; 13:16;17:2-6 |
Davidic Covenant – Dynasty, Nation, Throne forever II Samuel 7:11, 13, 16; Jeremiah 33:20 & 21; 31:35-37 |
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Christ and the Gentiles – Based not on birth but rather rebirth Galatians 3:6 Even as Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness. {accounted: or, imputed} Galatians 3:7 Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham. Galatians 3:8 And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, saying, In thee shall all nations be blessed. Galatians 3:9 So then they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham. Galatians 3:29 And if ye be Christ’s, then are ye Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise. |
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I. Deliverance From Bondage
Exodus 20:1 And God spake all these words, saying,
Exodus 20:2 I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
A. Yahweh Identifies Himself As The Deliverer
B. We Will Return To This Idea Of Slavery Later
II. The Decalogue – (10 Words)
A. The First “Word” – No Other gods
Exodus 20:3 Thou shalt have no other gods before me[06440].
06440 Mynp paniym paw-neem' pl. (but always as sing.) of an unused noun hnp paneh
from 06437; n m;
before 1137, face 390, presence 76, because 67, sight 40, countenance 30, from 27, person 21, upon 20, of 20, ...me 18, against 17, ...him 16, open 13, for 13, toward 9, misc 195; 2109
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime,
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
1. This actually means to eliminate all inordinate affections to earthly things
2. This actually means no gods along side of me
a. God knew Israel would not completely give up God
b. God knew the danger was that they would give equal credence to Pagan gods
3. This is actually a doing away with mental idolatry
a. To keep this commandment, one must set his affection on God
b. Perfect peace is found only in God and no other:
Isaiah 26:3 Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee: because he trusteth in thee.
Galatians 5:24 And they that are Christ's have crucified the flesh with the affections and lusts.
Colossians 3:2 Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth.
B. The Second “Word” – No Graven Images
Exodus 20:4 Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:
Exodus 20:5 Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;
Exodus 20:6 And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.
1. This Is A Prohibition Against Idolatry And Materialism
2. Whereas in the first commandment, some idolatry is:
a. covetousness:
Colossians 3: 5 Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry:
b. Walking in the flesh:
Philippians 3:17 Brethren, be followers together of me, and mark them which walk so as ye have us for an ensample.
Philippians 3:18 (For many walk, of whom I have told you often, and now tell you even weeping, that they are the enemies of the cross of Christ:
Philippians 3:19 Whose end is destruction, whose God is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things.)
Philippians 3:20 For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ:
3. This commandment actually condemns the making of images for worship
a. Images are prevalent in Pagan cultures
1. These are usually things seen in the sky
2. Or these are things seen in the sky
3. Or these are things seen in the water
b. There is nothing wrong with making images as long as they are not worshipped
4. The reason for this commandment is because God is a jealous God
a. He will not allow the respect due Him to go to Pagan gods
b. Some question the judgment on the children of offending parents
1. But these are only temporal
2. They are usually consequences like disease that usually follow evildoing
Ezekiel 18:14 Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father's sins which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like,
Ezekiel 18:15 That hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, hath not defiled his neighbour's wife,
Ezekiel 18:16 Neither hath oppressed any, hath not withholden the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment,
Ezekiel 18:17 That hath taken off his hand from the poor, that hath not received usury nor increase, hath executed my judgments, hath walked in my statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of his father, he shall surely live.
C. The Third “Word” – God’s Name In Vain
Exodus 20:7 Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
1. This is using God’s name in context with something that is not of His character
2. This often happens in such evil worship as:
a. In perjury
b. In the practice of magic
c. In the invocation of the dead
3. This includes all false swearing and flippant profanity
4. Someone that uses God’s name to cover up an evil heart is breaking this one
5. Someone who try to cover up evil lives by professing Christ also break this one
D. The Forth “Word” – The Sabbath
Exodus 20:8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Exodus 20:9 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:
Exodus 20:10 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:
Exodus 20:11 For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.
1. This means to sanctify unto the Lord the day after six days of labor
a. The day isn’t specific (As Saturday or Sunday)
b. After the change in colanders we would not know the day anyway
2. Under the Mosaic Covenant, no one was to work on the sabbath
a. A master was not to make his servants work on that day
b. Even animals were to rest
c. lighting a fire was prohibited on the Sabbath – Exodus 35:3
d. Gathering sticks was prohibited – (Numbers 15:35)
3. The reason for observing the Sabbath was that God rested after He created the earth
4. Christ Himself said that the Sabbath was made for man:
Mark 2:23 And it came to pass, that he went through the corn fields on the sabbath day; and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of corn.
Mark 2:24 And the Pharisees said unto him, Behold, why do they on the sabbath day that which is not lawful?
Mark 2:25 And he said unto them, Have ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungred, he, and they that were with him?
Mark 2:26 How he went into the house of God in the days of Abiathar the high priest, and did eat the shewbread, which is not lawful to eat but for the priests, and gave also to them which were with him?
Mark 2:27 And he said unto them, The sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath:
Mark 2:28 Therefore the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath.
5. Do not let anyone judge you on days or Sabbaths observed:
Romans 14:6 He that regardeth the day, regardeth it unto the Lord; and he that regardeth not the day, to the Lord he doth not regard it. He that eateth, eateth to the Lord, for he giveth God thanks; and he that eateth not, to the Lord he eateth not, and giveth God thanks.
Romans 14:7 For none of us liveth to himself, and no man dieth to himself.
Romans 14:8 For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord: whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord's.
Romans 14:9 For to this end Christ both died, and rose, and revived, that he might be Lord both of the dead and living.
Romans 14:10 But why dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou set at nought thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ.
Romans 14:11 For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God.
Romans 14:12 So then every one of us shall give account of himself to God.
Romans 14:13 Let us not therefore judge one another any more: but judge this rather, that no man put a stumblingblock or an occasion to fall in his brother's way.
E. The Fifth “Word” – Honoring Parents
Exodus 20:12 Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.
1. This Is A Transition Commandment – First Relation A Person Has With Others
2. Opposite of Paganism and Psychology – They Blame The Parents
3. It Is The Commandment With A Promise:
Ephesians 6:1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right.
Ephesians 6:2 Honour thy father and mother; (which is the first commandment with promise;)
Ephesians 6:3 That it may be well with thee, and thou mayest live long on the earth.
Ephesians 6:4 And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.
F. The Sixth “Word” – No Murder
Exodus 20:13 Thou shalt not kill<07523>.
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07523 xur ratsach raw-tsakh' - a primitive root; v; |
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slayer 16, murderer 14, kill 5, murder 3, slain 3, manslayer 2, killing 1, slayer + 0310 1, slayeth 1, death 1; 47 |
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1) to murder, slay, kill 1a) (Qal) to murder, slay 1a1) premeditated 1a2) accidental 1a3) as avenger 1a4) slayer (intentional) (participle) |
1b) (Niphal) to be slain 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to murder, assassinate 1c2) murderer, assassin (participle) (subst) 1d) (Pual) to be killed
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1. The Hebrew word ratsach actually means “murder”
2. Notice that this commandment is directed to the individual, not the nation
3. Christ confirmed this as He recited the commandments in NT:
Matthew 19:18 He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness,
G. The Seventh “Word” – No Adultery
1. This originally meant “to sin against the family”
2. But, of course, means all kinds of sex outside of a marriage covenant
3. Adultery is found in the heart before the act occurs:
Matthew 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.
H. The Eighth “Word” – No Stealing
Exodus 20:15 Thou shalt not steal.
1. This commandment affirms the possession of personal property
2. This commandment goes against robbing someone of their property
I. The Ninth “Word” – No Bearing False Witness
Exodus 20:16 Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.
1. The previous commandment goes against robbing someone of their property
2. But this commandment goes against robbing one of his reputation
J. The Tenth “Word” – No Coveting
Exodus 20:17 Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.
1. This commandment underlies the previous four commandments
2. All these last five result from wrong desires of the heart
III. Israel’s Response To The Decalogue:
Exodus 20:18 And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off.
Exodus 20:19 And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die.
Exodus 20:20 And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God is come to prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin not.
Exodus 20:21 And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was.
IV. An Altar Is Needed – Reveals The Heart Of God On Worship
Exodus 20:22 And the LORD said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from heaven.
Exodus 20:23 Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold.
Exodus 20:24 An altar of earth thou shalt make unto me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt offerings, and thy peace offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee.
Exodus 20:25 And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it.
Exodus 20:26 Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon.
A. Yahweh Instructs On Improper Worship
1. Do not make gods of silver
2. Do not make gods of gold
B. Yahweh Instructs On Proper Worship
1. Make a temporary altar of earth until the Tabernacle altar is built
2. If made of stone, use no tools on the stone
3. Do not reveal any flesh by going up steps to the altar
C. Notice There Is No Sin Offering Mentioned
1. A peace offering – Revealing that man needs a sacrifice to reconcile him to God
2. A burnt offering – Reveals Christ’s worthiness – Who He Is.
D. Can We Imagine What God Thinks Of Our Plush Churches?
1. There needs to be nothing of the flesh in out worship of God
2. There needs to be nothing of the flesh in our service to God
V. Case Laws
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Central Topic |
Decalogue |
Case Laws |
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No Other gods- Mentally |
Exodus 20:3 |
Exodus 23:13 |
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No Graven Images |
Exodus 20:4-5 |
Exodus 22:20 |
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God’s Name In Vain |
Exodus 20:7 |
Exodus 22:28 – Acts 23:5 |
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Observing The Sabbath |
Exodus 20:8-11 |
Exodus 23:10-12 |
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Honoring Parents |
Exodus 20:12 |
Exodus 21:15-17 |
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No Murder |
Exodus 20:13 |
Exodus 21:12-15 |
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No Adultery |
Exodus 20:14 |
Exodus 22:16-19 |
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No Stealing |
Exodus 20:15 |
Exodus 22:1-15 |
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No Bearing False Witness |
Exodus 20:16 |
Exodus 23:1-9 |
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No Coveting |
Exodus 20:17 |
Exodus 22:22-27 |
VI. Back To To The First Case Law – The Hebrew Servant
Exodus 21:2 If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.
Exodus 21:3 If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him.
Exodus 21:4 If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself.
Exodus 21:5 And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free:
Exodus 21:6 Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever.
A. This Law States That If A Man Is A Slave
1. After 7 years he can go free
2. If he was married:
a. Before he became a slave, he could take his wife with him
b. After he became a slave – (Married a servant of his master)
1. He could go free
2. But the wife and kids still belong to the master
3. The servant could stay – If he loved his wife and master
4. In this instance
a. The master would bore his ear in the doorway
b. The servant would serve the master forever
B. This Is A Beautiful Picture Of The Lord Jesus
1. He came to this earth and took upon Himself our humanity
2. At this time we were all slaves of sin
3. This Hebrew Servant could have gone out free
a. This Hebrew Servant could have returned to His position in the Godhead
b. This Hebrew Servant did not have to go through the doorway of death
c. This Hebrew Servant did not have to die on the cross:
Philippians 2:8 And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.
d. This Hebrew Servant did not have to have His ears bored: He is quoted by the Psalms:
Psalm 40:6 Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened:, <03738> burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required.
Psalm 40:7 Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me,
Psalm 40:8 I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart.
03738 hrk karah kaw-raw' - a primitive root; v;
dig 12, make 2, pierce 1, open 1; 16
1) to dig, excavate, dig through
1a) (Qal) to dig
1b) (Niphal) to be dug
2) (Qal) to give a banquet or feast - 3) (Qal) to get by trade, trade, buy
e. This Hebrew Servant sounds like Christ – But how do we know for sure? – He is quoted again by Paul:
Hebrews 10:5 Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me:
Hebrews 10:6 In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin thou hast had no pleasure.
Hebrews 10:7 Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,)to do thy will, O God.
Hebrews 10:8 Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and offering for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure therein; which are offered by the law;
Hebrews 10:9 Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.
C. We can Participate In The New Covenant Now, By Hiding His Law In Our Hearts, or Walking In The Spirit as the Hebrew Servant Did:
Psalms 119:11 Thy word have I hid in mine heart, that I might not sin against thee.
Galatians 5:16 This I say then, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the lust of the flesh.